Economics Smoking Topic Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Economics Smoking Topic - Essay Example Taxation has been the most widely used method to reduce demand of cigarettes by many government to generate taxes, but more recently, taxes are raised to minimize damage to health by smoking. (World Bank Group) The study of WB has confirmed this illustration thru a conclusion in their report that raising taxes significantly reduces consumption of tobacco. Study has shown that price increase due to taxes has an impact to the youth who are more responsive to prices than older people. Result of study shows also that the low and middle income countries are more responsive to price changes than the high income countries. (World Bank Group). As shown in annex 1, the tax increases imposed in Canada, UK and South Africa have encouraged smokers to reduce smoking consumption Non price measures used by policy makers are publicized findings of research on the health effects of smoking, warning messages on cigarette labels, counter advertising on media, school anti-smoking campaigns, cigarette promotions and advertising, no smoking on public places, restaurant and workplaces. (World Bank Group) Elasticity of commodity could either be elastic or inelastic when price changes. Response of consumers to price change is influenced first, by availability of a substitute, when consumer can take time, could wait and look for substitute. Second, when the good is a necessity and market structure is in an oligopoly. (Basic Economics). The generally accepted principle in elasticity is when the price elasticity of a good is less than 1, the good is price inelastic; and that the change in price will only have a small effect. At this point, there will be more revenue with the increase of taxes. (Farlex Dictionary) Demand for cigarette is price inelastic because according to a report done by Prabhat, J. et. al, DCPP, that from among 100 studies done in high-income countries, price elasticity is -0.25 to -0.50. This means that â€Å"a 10 percent increase in price will reduce

Ethics and Leadership Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Ethics and Leadership - Essay Example reporting relationship of the CECOs, as in to whom should they report, and that CECOs should be given the power to enforce the standards at all levels. Not only that but they should also â€Å"have direct, unfiltered access to the governing authority to solicit advice and receive information† (Kavanagh, 2007). The paper outlines the responsibilities that a CECO has in an organization s/he is assigned to, proposing that for a CECO to effectively do his/her job, it is essential that s/he be provided with adequate resources. The paper also remarks on the professional and personal skills, qualifications and characteristics that a CECO must possess to be successful at his/her job, also recommending that the CECO be made to continue his/her education and training. Ethics is basically a study of what is the right thing to do in any given situation and what is morally, not in a religious context, correct. It is to do something right. Leadership is also concerned with action, and effective leadership is where the leader guides his/her followers to the right path and, ultimately, towards success. In essence both ethics and leadership are intertwined in the sense that without ethics there is no effective leadership. There is a strong link between the two as it is often the leadership that comes from adhering to ethics that leads to success in any given situation in life, whether it is in a personal capacity or a professional

Terms & Conditions May Apply Movie Critique Review

Terms & Conditions May Apply Critique - Movie Review Example Notably, many citizens, especially from America have expressed concerns about the increasing spying, which have led to an increased loss of privacy. The director uses recent examples to illustrate that the terms and conditions that internet users accept when signing into sites such as Facebook, Amazon and Google may be an avenue for the government to spy on citizens. After watching the documentary a few days ago, the issues exposed by the director proved very timely because of the increased spying by the governments. The desires of many governments such as the American government to increase security in a bid to avoid terrorist attacks, governments were compelled to take stringent measures. One of the measures adopted by the Central Intellectual Agency (CIA) as revealed in this documentary is the introduction of surveillance systems that ensure a close monitoring of data from internet users and mobile phone users. According to this movie, Facebook, Google and Amazon agreed to let the CIA have access to data from their users. Therefore, the movie makes it evident that many citizens feel that they have lost their privacy to the increase spying by the intelligence unit. Using the example of Snowden, who had previously worked with the National Security Agency (NSA) in America, made a serious revelation of the extent to which spying done by the intelligence unit, the director develops his arguments. The director’s purpose of creating this documentary was to enlighten the citizens that they sho uld exercise their power and not agree to terms and conditions that promote spying. Throughout the film, the director makes it evident that people have a choice and they should voice their concerns regarding the spying issue (Abrams n.p). One of the outstanding aspects of the documentary is the character named Mark Zuckerberg. The fact that the director was able to reach the founder of Facebook and make him one of the starring characters in

Who is above the law Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Who is above the law - Essay Example The Rule of Law is unarguably the cornerstone of a democratic society and its’ basic tenet is the acknowledgement that the law is supreme. The law itself reflects the will of the citizens, and the judiciary is authorized to hold all government officials accountable for their actions. It is encapsulated in the conviction that â€Å"no man is above the law† (Dicey, qtd. in Li). Its’ major principles are (a) The law is the regulator of government power. (b) All men are equal before the law. (c) The law is based on a judicial system which uses fair, transparent, consistent and documented procedures and decisions. In certain circumstances, individuals are held to be free from liability to answer to the law. This legal status is referred to as ‘immunity from the law,’ and includes: diplomatic immunity, conferred on government representatives on foreign soil; sovereign immunity, which originated with kings and now includes the federal government and its’ officials; judicial immunity, which protects a judge from liability for his decisions. Immunity is also extended to witnesses in exchange for their assistance during a trial (Criminal Law Web site). As a rule, officials are granted ‘qualified immunity,’ which shields them from prosecution when they act in good faith. The advocates of immunity allege that it is essential to shield government officials from the law, so that they can execute their duties and make decisions based on the evaluation of the common good, without being influenced by the need to protect themselves from prosecution. Other arguments are the heavy costs of litigation against officials, the distraction of officials from their duties, their hesitancy to exercise independent judgment and the discouragement of capable people from joining government service (everything2 Web site). Contrary to the above arguments, it is only when every government

Why do people stay at ISS. (MA Human Resource Management) Essay

Why do people stay at ISS. (MA Human Resource Management) - Essay Example Evidence of this leadership structure at ISS is provided by The Finance Director (2010) to include what is referred to as a multi-local approach to management. The company recognises the importance of providing localised service provision based on cultural needs. It suggests diversity as a focus for people development. The company’s vision is to â€Å"lead facility services globally – by leading facility services locally† (the-fianance-director.com, 2010, p.1). ISS is decentralised (uk.issworld.com, 2010), with the intention of using people as resources to improve company position. Instances of identifying management philosophy is available throughout the organisation’s website as being transformational, defined as using charismatic personality, vision championing, and coaching as a new management philosophy (Endrissat, Muller & Meissner, 2005). In this sort of ideal environment that is people-focused, it would appear, at first glance, that employees stay with ISS because of their devotion to local culture and people development. However, turnover in certain segments continues to increase, most noticeable in cleaning, security, landscaping, and other blue collar job roles. Is there an ongoing problem with the manual labour team that needs identification? Why are there no other areas of the business experiencing high turnover? This proposed research project seeks to identify: The objectives chosen will provide information about whether there are cultural differences between manual and support workers that impact relationships or communications. The research intends to uncover what meaning the blue collar workers give to their job roles in relation to status, their family, or through self-analysis. In order to identify why people stay at ISS, it is first important to identify whey they might choose to leave in favour of other employment and see if these identified needs are present in the manual worker

Personal Statement Adjust(including) Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 1

Personal Statement Adjust(including) - Essay Example Moreover, different forms of communication and technology has massive effects on communication. As such, communication is a diverse topic with numerous applications. Hence, I chose to major in communication with an aim of understanding all the dynamics and detail that relate to communication. I plan to enable easier flow of communication between different persons. Nevertheless, I have a personal experience on communication that motivated to major in this subject. When I was studying in high school in Hong Kong, my tutor asked me to do a project on environmental sustainability. We additionally established a group to handle the project that required us to participate, discuss, and more so communicate to achieve required results. Sadly, we had poor communication skills and thus we rarely talked and thus cooperation was very dismal. Although some group members would communicate effectively, others would not communicate and therefore opted to stay on the periphery as others did the projec t. Others chose to do the project alone and later compare the results with others who equally did it individually. In the end, we chose to present the best individual project as the groups’ final product. ... Hence, it is factual that communication serves as a bridge to better understanding. Actually, if we communicated well in carrying out the project, we would have done a better job. Luckily, I have had various opportunities to improve my communication skills. I was the spokesperson of our high school student association in high school, which allowed me to have numerous opportunities to speak in front of a large group of people. Indeed, when I was giving my first public address in front of a thousand of students serves as a memorable experience. I realized from these public forums that I should learn to communicate with the audience by attracting their attention and analyzing what they want to hear instead of reading my notes words by words while addressing them. Furthermore, in an experience that extended my knowledge and experience on communication, I worked as salesperson in an electronic component-selling firm in Hong Kong during the summer holidays. Assuredly, communication is one of the biggest factors in business success. Indeed, communication facilitates business operations and promotes efficiency in a business setup. As such, when I started working at the company, I conveniently expanded my communication skills and learnt how good communication benefits the company. Actually, there was frequent communication from the management to the employees and from the employees to the customers. Hence, I learnt that every company has a communication culture, communication channel, and the communication language. Additionally, I learnt that communication follows a complete chain and any break points would lead to ineffectiveness. Most significantly, is the fact that the company seeks to establish an effective communication system for

Moral Values and Social Boundaries Essay Example for Free

Moral Values and Social Boundaries Essay Thesis statement: Certain limits should be applied to the constitutional right of ‘Freedom of speech’ as it encourages ethnic speech (ethnically and racially discriminating talk) A restriction on free speech is very essential on college campuses. Political correctness is found to be a mere attempt to be sure that everybody on campus feels welcome and is able to learn as per. Certain limits should be applied to the constitutional right of ‘Freedom of speech’ as it encourages ethnic speech (ethnically and racially discriminating talk) in educational institutions. Racially offensive speech in US institutions has led to several problems. Ethnic speech is widely evident in educational institutions. Racial jokes and ethnic speech are also prevalent in work places. Ethnic speech creates inferiority complex in lower classes. It is also against the policies of affirmative action (Arthur, 2004). The reason for the unacceptability of racially offensive talk is that the intentions behind them are always bad. They do exploit racial stereotypes and the talk often becomes offensive. Limits on freedom of speech are justified as there is a big relation between freedom of speech and racial speech. Look more:  ethnic group examples essay It is high time that we eliminate racially offensive talk from our society. For that the most important step is a restriction on the freedom of speech. The absence of limit on freedom of speech encourages racially offensive talk in college campuses in US (Arthur, 2004). Racially offensive humor is increasingly unacceptable and is based on the concept that certain ethnic groups are superior to others. Ethnically superior groups are of the belied that they do have very right to make fun at other inferior groups. The powerful faction has always assumed that they are superior to others in its race and culture. These ethnic groups will try to put down other inferior groups in order to strengthen their own group (Arthur, 2004). The superior group will thus feel no guilt in hurting the feelings of the inferior group. Ethnic and racial speech is generated out of this superior feeling and undermines the unity and cooperation prevailing in the society (Arthur, 2004). Had there been a limit on the freedom of speech, these kinds of racially offensive speech would have disappeared from the educational institutions in US. Even though freedom of speech is quite important as far as American society, a restriction on it is the real need of the hour. Uncontrolled speech may result in further segregation and racial classification. Offensive speech, of any form, should be discouraged so that it would not further create problems in the already segregated society. The panacea for all this is nothing but a limit on the freedom of speech (Arthur, 2004). Ethnic jokes are much prevalent in college campuses. Ethnic jokes exploit racial stereotypes. They are often racist and frequently offensive (Davies, 1982). Ethnic jokes are very popular and prevail in almost all societies. They do also play a great role in arising ethnic differences, exploitation and segregation. Ethnic jokes are targeted towards typical ethnic groups, possessing typical characteristics (Hughes, 1966). The usage of these kinds of jokes upgrades or degrades the value of a group in general and ignores the importance and uniqueness of the individual (Lorenz, 1963). Ethnic humor hurts the feelings of people as it leads to various segregations and discriminations (Davies, 1982). Racially offensive humor is increasingly unacceptable and is based on the concept that certain ethnic groups are superior to others. Ethnically superior groups are of the belied that they do have very right to make fun at other inferior groups (Dance, 1977). Ethnic humor is a powerful, destructive and senseless practice that is followed by one generation and transferred to the next generation. The powerful faction has always assumed that they are superior to others in its race and culture. These ethnic groups will try to put down other inferior groups in order to strengthen their own group (Davies, 1982). The superior group will thus feel no guilt in hurting the feelings of the inferior group. Ethnic humor is generated out of this superior feeling and undermines the unity and cooperation prevailing in the society. There are various biological and socio-cultural distinctions which people consider as a base to make ethnic jokes. They sometimes consider color of the skin (lightness or darkness) or other differentiating markers as base for making humor. They do consider various other ethnic differences and cultural variations (Hughes, 1966). No ethnic group has the right to make ethnic jokes against ant other ethnic group. Ethnic humor is always humiliating and insulting. It would only result in further segregation and racial classification. Ethnic groups, of any form, should be discouraged so that it would not further create problems in the already segregated society. Freedom of Speech is the boosting factor of ethnic speech in educational institutions. Institutional racism (systemic racism or structural racism) also prevail in our society. The white institutions are found to be reluctant to serve people of color (non-white minority). Institutions are historically set up to serve only white communities. These institutions function on the basis of race. They operate on the policy of segregation. Institutional racism is the concept that one race is superior to other. Organizations and institutions (both government and private) do racial discrimination, marginalizing the inferior faction. Even though the institutions exclusively for inferior race were technically illegal in America till 1863, our areas still have such institutions. These institutions offer their service only for superior faction and ill-treat students belonging to our community. Institutional racism is followed in all organizations, public bodies, educational institutions (universities) and corporations. Institutional racism influences almost all policies, processes and policies (in both governmental and public institutions). Institutions were historically set up to serve only white communities. These institutions function on the basis of race. They operate on the policy of segregation. Institutional racism is the concept that one race is superior to other. Organizations and institutions (both government and private) do racial discrimination, marginalizing the inferior faction. Institutions exclusively for inferior race were technically illegal in America till 1863. These institutions offer their service only for superior faction and ill-treat people of color. Legislations against racism have made institutional racism disappear to a good extent in United States. Ethnic speech in educational institutions is one of the worst sides of institutional racism. Freedom of speech is encouraging racial talk and ethnic humor. It is high time that we put a restriction on freedom of speech so that at least educational institutions are free from segregation. Colleges and universities have a moral obligation to ensure a peaceful, respectful learning environment for all students. It is therefore necessary to come down hard on speech code offenders. All employees and students should be able to enjoy and work in an educational environment free from discrimination and harassment. Harassment of any person or group of persons on the basis of race, color, nationality, origin, religion, sex, sexual orientation, age, disability, or veterans status is a form of discrimination that must be prohibited in all educational institutions. Employees, students, student organizations, or person privileged to work or study in the university community who violates this policy must be subject to disciplinary action. This will finally eliminate racial speech and discrimination from educational institutions. Harassment codes do not violate students First Amendment rights. A restriction on free speech is very essential on college campuses. Political correctness is found to be a mere attempt to be sure that everybody on campus feels welcome and is able to learn. References John Arthur, Morality and Moral Controversies: Readings in Moral, Social, and Political Philosophy, Prentice Hall, 2004. â€Å"A Question of Fairness† Ladies Home Jorunal, March 1996, p 17-20. Lubman, Sarah â€Å"Campus Admissions† Wall Street Journal, May 16, p81. Dance, Darryl. Wit and Humor in the Slave Narratives. Journal of Afro-American Issues. Spring, 1977: 125-134. Davies, C. â€Å"Ethnic Jokes, Moral Values and Social Boundaries. † British Journal of Sociology 33 (1982): 383-403. Hughes, Langston, ed. The Book of Negro Humor. New York: Dodd, Mead, 1966. Lincoln, Kenneth. Indin Humor. New York: Oxford, 1993. Lorenz, Konrad. On Aggression. Trans. Marjorie Kerr Willison. New York: Harcourt, 1963. Lowe, John. Theories of Ethnic Humor: How to Enter, Laughing. American Quarterly 38 (1986): 439-460. Rich, Frank. The New York Times 13 March 1994: IV, 17.